Architectural scale

In architectural structures, symmetry is most clearly expressed in the composition of the facades: symmetrically located elements seem balanced and create the impression of orderliness and visual rest. At the same time, in the plans of buildings, especially residential ones, strict symmetry is usually not respected, since the functional conditions aimed at ensuring the convenience of living are little consistent with abstract geometric constructions. Along with the symmetrical composition in architecture, asymmetric is known, in which the principle of coincidence of parts does not apply to mental imposition. Such a technique dictated by utilitarian requirements and artistic intention, in its aesthetic qualities, is quite equivalent to symmetrical compositions. Moreover, if a symmetrical layout, due to our experience, is built relatively easily and is perceived as an obvious pattern, then asymmetric compositions require a deeper approach. As a rule, they are based on contrasting relations and the obvious subordination of some parts of the structure to others. However, in asymmetric compositions there may be elements of symmetry (the location of window and doorways, roof slopes, etc. D.). Even large parts of asymmetric buildings often look visually balanced relative to any axis or plane. Practice has shown that in relation to facades and volumetric forms, both reception techniques require the same result: the composition should be clear – symmetrical or asymmetric. Half -symmetry causes a feeling of visual disruption and is perceived as an incomplete and ill -conceived decision. However, this does not apply to the plans of the buildings. Any spatial solutions are allowed here that satisfy functional requirements. Recall that in a generally accepted value, the scale is the degree of decrease or increase in the subject when it is portrayed in the figure, drawing, map or in the layout. In architecture, this concept has a more general meaning. The architectural scale determines the proportionality of individual parts of the building with an entire volume, the degree of detail, dismemberment or generalization of the forms of the structure. He also determines the proportionality of the building with the environment and, in particular, with a person.